Limitations Of Wired Equivalent Privacy - 2704 Words

Limitations of Wired Equivalent Privacy Presented in IAAS670 Wireless and Mobile Security By Joel Bramblett, Oluwaseun Onibudo, and Michelle Rowton Davenport University October 21, 2014 Nasser Halwani Professor Abstract The Wired Equivalent Privacy algorithm (WEP) is a method of securing IEEE 802.11 wireless internet connections. This algorithm was accepted by the IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) in 1999 and it was subsequently used as the standard for wireless security JATIT (2012). Just over 5 years after its ratification by IEEE, the same body phased it out after some FBI personnel demonstrated how easy it was to crack (in as little as three minutes) (Cheung, 2005). This marked the entry of WPA/WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access), but this is not our area of concentration in this paper. This paper opens with an introduction into the world of WEP and proceeds by concentrating on the various vulnerabilities that led to the abandonment of the WEP as a secure protocol for wireless networks. Our discussion will center on WEP limitations regarding initialization vectors and the method of encryption –RC4 vis-à  -vis the probable fixes for the vulnerabilities. We will conclude by looking at the full WEP operational picture and possible recommendations for securing wireless networks in this modern age. Table of Contents Introduction 4 How WEP Works 4 Limitations 5 Limitations of the Initialization Vectors 5 Source of Initialization vectors 5 IVShow MoreRelated Wireless Networking Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesshare files and printers, but may not be able access wired LAN resources unless one computer acts as a bridge to connect to a wired LAN. Access points (base stations) can be hardware based or software based. The hardware based access point is a separate component connected to a wired Ethernet network and or server via an interface card. Software based access points can be a computer operating with software installed and is connected to a wired Ethernet network with an interface card. The benefitsRead MoreIntroduction Of 802.11 Wlan ( Wlan )2175 Words   |  9 Pageseffective and easy to setup in big buildings and organizations. Because it’s very difficult to setup wire in old and big buildings, in WLAN we can modify anything easily because of less wiring as well as the installation cost is very less as compare to wired network. The other feature for WLAN include cost- WLANs is backbone for the regular users who access to the internet every day, giving them anytime, anywhere network access. WLAN gives freedom to the users to access on internet for variety of workRead MoreS07 the Latest Development in Networks a nd Communication1439 Words   |  6 Pagescomputing are synonymous with mobile computing. Information access via a mobile device is plagued by low available bandwidth, poor connection maintenence, poor security, and addressing problems. Unlike their wired counterparts, design of software for mobile devices must consider resource limitation, battery power and display size. Consequently, new hardware and software techniques must be developed. For example, applications need to be highly optimized for space, in order to fit in the limited memoryRead More The Next Great Wall Essay3074 Words   |  13 Pagesother hand, did not go through such a process. Restrictions on encryption technology imported to or developed within China have been put forth. Their attempts at such control contrast what the United States considers is a denial of our rights to privacy even when addressing national security. The U.S. has acknowledged the significance of supporting free encryption policies while Chin a’s restrictions have shown they are even more limiting, unenforceable and morally wrong in how it affects its citizensRead MoreThe Wlan4915 Words   |  20 Pages However, the bandwidth limitations when using switched cellular technology are severe, and data connections generally are not tolerant of the extended drop-outs that can occur. Conversely, WLANs are generally accepted to be 1Mbps links or above (although a few drop into the 100s of Kbps), short range (100s of meters) technologies which do not need to support vehicular mobility (high speed handoffs) or wide area coverage. What they do provide is the wireless equivalent of a LAN for file sharingRead MoreA Brief Note On Companies And The Largest Ever Consumer Data Breach1712 Words   |  7 Pagesparty. In the case of TJX, the company reviewed the effect if the â€Å"hand-held price-checking devices, cash registers, and the company’s computer systems† (Walker pg.4, 2013) are exploited. The vulnerabilities that TJX analyzed was mainly the Wired Equivalent Privacy the company was using in their retail locations. The company knew that this standard was outdated and exploitable by hackers. However, TJX’s chief information officer assessment of those risks were incorrect. The CIO chose to defer the upgradeRead MoreEssay on It 260 Quiz 1-51418 Words   |  6 Pagesinstalled. †¢ .NET Framework 3.0 feature (correct answer, your response) †¢ NLB †¢ WSRM †¢ WPAS Which of the following is a true statement about the number of roles a Windows Server 2008 computer can support? †¢ There are no limitations placed on the number of roles a Windows Server †¢ # of roles depends on the computer hardware configuration, hardware requirement for a role and the size of the organization (correct answer, your response) †¢ A Windows Server 2008 computer canRead More802. 11a Standard Essay1776 Words   |  8 Pages480 Mbps. 802.11n devices operate in 2.4(2.5) or 5.0 GHz bands. Speed is 300 Mbps, Security protocols are WEP, WPA, WPA2, Security level can be declared as high. This standard was approved in 2009. 802.11n is comparable in transmission speed to the wired standards. The maximum transmission speed of the standard 802.11n is about 5 times higher than the performance of classic Wi-Fi. The increase in the transmission speed in the IEEE 802.11n standard is achieved, firstly, due to the doubling of the channelRead MoreWireless Technology2031 Words   |  9 Pagestype with possibly differing  bandwidth  and quality-of-service requirements. The wireless network components of a complete source-destination path requires consideration of mobility, hand-off, and varying transmission and  bandwidth  conditions. The wired/wireless network combination provides a severe bandwidth mismatch, as well as vastly different error conditions. The processing capability of fixed vs. mobile terminals may be expected to differ significantly. This then leads to such issues to be addressedRead More E-commerce: Security and Privacy Essay2128 Words   |  9 Pages E-commerce: Security and Privacy As the evolution of the internet and purchasing online becomes popular, so do the security factors that contribute to the ways of eliminating fraud, theft, and acquiring personal information. E-commerce has created many new ways for customers to make payments including e-cash, e-cheques, and e-wallets. In the 21st century, many organizations worked hard at securing communications and payments made through e-commerce transactions. In doing so, customers would

Did That Albert Einstein CouldnT Examine Till He Become

Did that Albert Einstein couldn t examine till he become nine? Walt Disney, general George Patton, and vice chairman Nelson Rockefeller had hassle studying all their lives. Whoopi Goldberg and Charles Schwab and plenty of others have learning disabilities which have not affected their ultimate success. As indicated by research it has been demonstrated that the most widely recognized region for a learning inability is perusing. Perusing troubles are the most regular learning issue among understudies and the principle purpose behind scholarly failure. (Ergul.C, 2012) Researchers have diverse courses in which they determine a man to have a learning handicap. The average procedure is typically IQ test, accomplishment test and†¦show more content†¦Utilizing these strategies, greater headway can be ensured that youngsters are not abandoned in the classroom. Frequently, understudies are intensely influenced by the way they are seen by the educators and different understudies. Social acknowledgment can be mentally stressing on the mental mind and certainty of the understudy. A kid being deserted implies that the understudy confronts a huge mishap that can t be vanquished in a short measure of time making them be slower at perception. Likewise, it could remain for the withholding of a youngster s advancement to the following evaluation level accordingly of an inability to deliver sufficient evaluations and show negligible comprehension. At the point when a youngster is deserted, sentiments of insufficiency inside themselves encourage individual regard issues that could additionally cripple the psyche and the learning procedure of an understudy, particularly if a learning inability is as of now present. Thinks about in this specific field won t aid only one range of improvement yet will traverse a few features of a kid s life. These reviews in this manner are not futile in light of the fact that there is relevant data that can be assembled from the human mind. Advancements in thought and innovation will ideally give some help with further building up the h uman mind at an early age as toShow MoreRelatedJustice V. R. Krishna Iyer and Expansive Interpretation of Fundamental Rights8404 Words   |  34 PagesIyer is a person who has tried throughout his life to be such change. He is a Karmyogi1, an intellectual, a pro-poor, a crusading maverick2 and along with all these, as the literature world considers him, a genius of vocabulary. Karmyogi, for his duty is life itself, for his tireless efforts to the service of society and widening the horizon of social-justice and his endless contribution as a judge and jurist; intellectual, for he was praised as a ‘great intellectual and a great gentleman’, a man whoRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesexperience. Reason #1: It focuses attention on what effective managers actually â€Å"do. † In an influential article, Henry Mintzberg (1975) argued that management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the defining competencies

Teenage Dating Essay - 924 Words

Teenage Dating : Allowed or Not? Nowadays, many teenagers in junior high school already have boyfriends or girlfriends. It is not really an uncommon thing anymore in teenagers point of view lately. Teenagers in junior high school who already have boyfriends or girlfriends are just following their natural interest which usually goes to dating. People see this nowadays as there are many young teenagers who still in junior high school to what they called ‘hang out’ or dating in many places. Some people don’t mind about any young teenagers dating because it has some bright side, however there are some people who disagree with it because it also have negative effects. Parents should not let their teen-aged children in junior high schools to†¦show more content†¦Teenagers in junior high school aren’t ready to have a boyfriends or girlfriends because their inability to maintain a relationship, no self control, unreadiness of any consequences. Thus, parents should not allow their children in junior high schools to have boyfriends orShow MoreRelatedTeenage Dating Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage Dating : Allowed or Not? Nowadays, many teenagers in junior high school already have boyfriends or girlfriends. It is not really an uncommon thing anymore in teenagers point of view lately. Teenagers in junior high school who already have boyfriends or girlfriends are just following their natural interest which usually goes to dating. People see this nowadays as there are many young teenagers who still in junior high school to what they called ‘hang out’ or dating in many places. SomeRead More Teenage Dating in the 1950s Essay examples3457 Words   |  14 PagesTeenage Dating in the 1950s Teenagers in the 1950s are so iconic that, for some, they represent the last generation of innocence before it is lost in the sixties. 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Wright Mills theory of The Sociological Imagination. Common sense is based on people s personal experiences and their opinions, very often constructed from social norms and generalised views. Whereas, the Sociological Imagination thought up by sociologist C. Wright Mills (1959) is based on the ideas of thinking critically and skeptically, in order to think sociologically. He wrote thatRead MoreThe Berlin Boxing Club By Robert Sharenow1470 Words   |  6 Pageschose to read The Berlin Boxing Club by Robert Sharenow. The original reason I chose it was because the author is actually my uncle. Turns out it was a great choice as I greatly enjoyed reading this novel. The book is from the perspective of Jewish a teenage boy and his family during the 1930s in Nazi Germany. I gained new perspective on the culture in germany during world war two through the eyes of a teenager. 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Free Essay Home Depot History and Business Case Analysis free essay sample

Some of the strategic factors that Home Depot faces are related to product quality, price, advertising, store capacity, competitors, and customers independency and satisfaction. Most of these strategic factors helped in the growth and popularity of Home Depot. Home Depot offers good quality products such as home improvement products, lawn and garden supplies. Installation services for these products are offered too. Home Depot like Wal-Mart Company offers low prices everyday. Operational efficiency had been a crucial part of achieving these low prices while still offering a high level of customer service. The company assesses and upgrades its information to support its growth, reduce and control costs and enable better decision-making. From the installation of computerized checkout systems, to the implementation of satellite communications systems in most of the stores, the company had shown that it has been and would continue to be innovative in its operating strategy. In year 1994 Home Depot introduced a prototype store format that offered about 32,000 more square feet of selling space and a significantly broader and deeper selection of products and services, as well as a more convenient layout than the traditional stores. These Type (V) stores were designed around a design center, which grouped complementary product categories. Therefore, this wide store capacity enabled Home Depot to stock like 40,0000 to 50,000 products in each store. I think that this is a very good strategic factor that enables the store to offer a wide variety of products. Lowes is the main competitor against Home Depot. Both companies have big stores, and many products. But Home Depot is still number one. Mike Brune from the Rainforest Action Network declared that Its been a busy month for us all as we attempt to find out the implications of the Home Depot victory on the entire DIY (do-it-yourself) industry, get the all important details of Home Depots new policy, and actually determine to what degree the new policy is a victory at all. The short answer is that there is a lot of good news, with some large question marks. Home Depots announcement, and the extensive press coverage it earned, sent shockwaves through all of Home Depots competitors. (Mike Brune. Important Update on Home Depot and Competitor Policies. Retrieved October 5, 1999, from http://forests. org/archive/america/compdebo. htm). Home Depot has stores all over the map nationally, and is expanding worldwide. It recently put competitor Hechinger out of business, and before that Builders Square. (Rob Landley. A Case for Home Depot. Retrieved January 14,2000, from http://www. fool. com/portfolios/rulemaker/2000/rulemaker000114. htm). Congratulations on being number one in your industry. I would like now to discuss the reasons behind this success for year 2002 . I think that the strategies that you and your employees are following and the great customer service are leading to the growth and success of your company. Home Depot uses a clustering strategy to locate new stores closer to existing ones. The short-term effect is to lower same-store sales. On the other hand, this strategy can create a strategic advantage by raising the barrier of entry to competitors. It reduces overcrowding in the existing stores. It also allows the company to spread its advertising and distribution costs over a larger store base. I think that this strategy led Home Depot to have fewer competitors, and lowered the distribution cost. On the other hand, opening too much stores increase the expenses from equipments, products and employees. Even if, the company can afford to open all these stores, I do not think that the company should open many stores in one area. Another strategy that your company is following is focusing on customer service and satisfaction or what is referred to customer cultivation. Customer cultivation is the result of the provision of highly qualified and helpful employees, professional clinics and in-store clinics. When the company was faced with clogged aisles, endless checkout lines, and too few salespersons, it sought creative ways to improve customer service. Workers were added to the sales floor, shelf stocking and price tagging were shifted to nighttime, when the aisles were empty. Therefore, the availability of sales personnel to attend to customer needs was one clear objective of the Home Depot customer service strategy. It gave the DIY (Do It Yourself) customers the support and confidence that no home project was beyond their capabilities. Home Depot attitude of complete customer satisfaction has led the company to constantly seek ways to improve customer service. I think that this strategy is great and was worth all the expenses because the employees were free to sell during the day and focus more on the customers needs. It the good experience that brings the customer again and its the word of mouth that brings other new customers, therefore, customer satisfaction is the most important strategy that any company shall follow. The third strategy that you company is following is focusing on extensive advertisement. In year 2002, Home Depot spent $895 million on advertising, 9. 5 percent more than the $817 million it spent in 2001 and 24 percent more than the $722 million it spent in 2000. Home Depot is one of the nations largest retail advertisers and spends far more on advertising than comparable stores. Home Depot spent nearly eight times as much on advertising in 2002 than its nearest competitor, Lowes Cos. Lowes, which has just half the annual sales of Home Depot, spent about $114 million on advertising in year 2002. Jim Lovel. Home Depot ad spending $895M. Retrieved April 25, 2003, from http://www. bizjournals. com/atlanta/stories/2003/04/28/story1. html). Therefore, extensive advertising is giving Home Depot a distinctive competency against other companies in the same industry. These strategies are implying higher expenses in order to be achieved, especially the huge expenses on advertising. I would l ike to make a comparison between two most growing companies in the USA (Home Depot and Wal-Mart) . In 2002, Home Depot spent 32 percent more than Wal-Mart Stores Inc. , the worlds largest retailer. Wal-Mart with annual sales almost five times higher than Home Depots spent $676 million on advertising last year. (Jim Lovel. Home Depot ad spending $895M. Retrieved April 25, 2003, from http://www. bizjournals. com/atlanta/stories/2003/04/28/story1. html). Therefore, the more money you spend on advertising, does not lead to increase in annual sales but it leads to increase in expenses. Even though, the extensive advertising made this company have a distinctive competency against other companies but Home Depot spent $ 895 million on advertising and Lowes company spend only $114 million. It is true that the annual sales of Home Depot were more than half than Lowes but Home Depot can lower its expenses of advertising to 5 times and can still be able to compete with Lowes company. So, the main question for you is that can you plan a strategy that does not require higher expenses? I am not implying that these strategies are not working but I think that there should be a strategy that keep the company growing but at least lower the expenses. Net Sales had increase 10. 5% year 2003, comparing to year 2002. But the expenses too have risen 15. 3 %. (Form 10-Q for HOME DEPOT INC5. Retrieved September 5,2003, from http://biz. yahoo. com/e/030905/hd10-q. html). lt;Tab/gt;Home Depot is Growing internationally as in new stores in Mexico (a $12. 5 B market); and Expo Stores in Asia. Home Depot has gone from zero stores in Mexico to being the second largest building supply retailer in Mexico in just a few months. I think that Home Depot can grow fast in other countries because of their distinctive competency from great customer service to extensive advertisement. This year, the profits and revenues for Home Depot are tending to decrease. Therefore, you as a CEO had to immediately put Home Depot through a sweeping restructuring, but it has been a bumpy ride. Your efforts to trim the fat out of inventory levels resulted in shortages and lost sales during parts of 2002, prompting you to reverse course and build inventories back up. That, coupled with your efforts to reshuffle store staffing and initiate disruptive makeovers of older stores, caused sales at most of Home Depots locations to turn negative for two quarters. The result: The stock, which had already fallen by nearly 30%, to around $50 when you arrived in late 2000, slid as low as $20. 10 in early 2003. It has rebounded to around $35. 50. The stock price today is $ 37. 70. ( Dean Foust . Home Depots Remodeling. Retrieved January 9, 2004, from http://host. businessweek. com/businessweek/Corporate_Snapshot. html? Symbol=HD). lt;Tab/gt;I would personally not buy this stock because the stock price has not stable for the past 2 years. Home Depot is battling a sagging stock price and increased competition from Lowes. Home Depots stock price reached a five-year low of $21. 38 a share in January and currently is trading at about $27. 75 a share, almost one-half of the value it had when you became the companys CEO and president in December 2000. Although the company has aggressively opened new stores, average weekly sales at Home Depot stores fell from $864,000 in 2000 to $772,000 in 2002, according to the companys annual report filed April 21 with the Securities and Exchange Commission. (Froust Dean. Home Depots Remodeling Project. Retrieved January 9, 2004, from http://www. businessweek. com/bwdaily/dnflash). I really enjoyed the research I did on your great and well known company. It is my pleasure to maintain a relationship with your company. Although lately, Home Depot has been blamed for the sharp slowdown in revenues and profits on deflation in lumber prices, which is not just because of the price of the plywood. You have been renovating for 2 years and the main question is that After two years of distracting renovations, is the DIY giant ready to unveil its new design. Will it be enough to hammer rival Lowes? This year, you and your team must prove that you can sustain that momentum and demonstrate that the makeover is paying off. I think that you as a CEO is capable of leading the company to number one again. Thank you a lot for reading my memo and taking my advices and suggestions. If you would like to ask any questions or discuss any issue, please do not hesitate to contact me.